Technical NOAA Weather Discussion

FXUS66 KMTR 281842 AAB
AFDMTR

Area Forecast Discussion...UPDATED
National Weather Service San Francisco CA
1042 AM PST Sat Feb 28 2026

...New AVIATION...

.KEY MESSAGES...
Updated at 229 AM PST Sat Feb 28 2026

 - Well above normal temperatures today

 - Slight chance (15-25%) for rain with embedded thunderstorms 
   possible today in the North Bay
 
 - Slight cooling trend with light rain likely in the North Bay
   Sunday

 - Above normal temperatures with offshore flow next week

&&

.UPDATE...
Issued at 856 AM PST Sat Feb 28 2026

The current forecast is on track with water vapor imagery
indicating that our shortwave ridging has been replaced with more
in the way of upper troughing. The large scale ascent associated 
with this feature has supported the development of showers and 
even a few lightning strikes across our offshore marine zones. The
primary PV anomaly is anticipated to lift northward this 
afternoon and this translates to a mostly PoP-free forecast after 
00Z Sun until 18Z Sun when our next storm system skirts eastward. 
We'll have another look at Sunday's PoPs with the primary forecast
package as the trend has been for an increase in rain chances 
across the North Bay. As noted below, the probability of a tenth 
of an inch is only about 10% and that represents the higher end 
amount. These higher end amounts are more probable in the upslope
regions of the North Bay and within locations that experience 
deeper convective elements. We'll continue to examine the 
thunderstorm potential, particularly given the presence of 
instability as manifest by the lightning activity that has been 
observed thus far. More information later this afternoon.

&&

.SHORT TERM...
Issued at 229 AM PST Sat Feb 28 2026
(Today and Sunday)

The 00Z sounding observed an 850 mb temperature of 15.35 degrees 
Celsius which is the second highest (16.3 degrees Celsius in 1986) 
for the date and time. With a warm air mass in place, well above 
normal temperatures are expected today. Surface high pressure in the 
Intermountain West and a coastal trough off the California Coast 
will generate light offshore flow. So not only will we be warm, but 
our natural air conditioning (the sea breeze) will be turned off. To 
limit heat-related impacts, people should increase water intake, 
reduce time spent outdoors or stay in the shade when the sun is the 
strongest, and open windows at night and use fans to bring cooler 
air inside buildings. We will begin to feel the influence of an 
upper-level low in the Eastern Pacific Ocean today, as alluded to by 
the high clouds that are beginning to stream in. The first of two 
embedded shortwaves will swing through the region today, bringing 
with it a slight (15-25%) chance for rain with embedded 
thunderstorms possible. The highest probability of occurrence (still 
low) will be in the North Bay with ensemble members continuing to 
show little to no accumulation today. The second embedded shortwave 
will swing through on Sunday, bringing us another chance for rain 
and thunderstorms. Measurable rainfall (0.01 inches or greater) is 
now looking likely (60% chance) on Sunday for the North Bay - 
especially in the higher terrain. If the criteria gets bumped up to 
a wetting rain (0.10 inches or greater), the areal extent is 
significantly reduced to only the Mayacamas Mountains and Hills of 
Western Sonoma County. Thunderstorm chances will remain low (20% or 
less) through this upper-level low. The three ingredients needed for 
thunderstorm development are lift, instability, and moisture. While 
all will be present, they are not expected to overlap favorably in 
space and/or time. Sensible weather wise, Sunday will be about 10 
degrees cooler than today. For locations south of the Golden Gate 
Bridge, drizzle will be possible along the coast and in the higher 
terrain.

&&

.LONG TERM...
Issued at 229 AM PST Sat Feb 28 2026
(Monday through Friday)

The upper-level low will begin to fill as it moves through the 
region on Monday. As it does so, rain chances will be renewed yet 
again Monday morning with light rain possible for the North Bay and 
drizzle possible for coastal and higher terrain locations south of 
the Golden Gate Bridge. Upper-level shortwave ridging will begin to 
nose in from the Eastern Pacific Ocean the latter half of Monday. 
The pattern will remain progressive with an upper-level shortwave 
trough on the ridge's heels. There is uncertainty on the location 
and the evolution of this feature, and to some extent the strength. 
It can be discerned though that this pattern will be conducive for 
warm and dry conditions with offshore flow, especially Wednesday 
through Friday. Even though we are in Winter with rainfall totals 
right around normal for this time of year, it's never too soon to 
think ahead towards "fire season". One side of the fire triangle 
(fuels) is right around average for this time of year; however, 
Energy Release Components (ERC), Burning Indices (BI), and 100 hour 
dead fuel moisture are all expected to be above average by early 
next week. While fuels are still projected to remain within the 
"significant spread unlikely" range, this is still something to be 
made aware of as receptive vegetation will have the potential to 
burn, especially on any wind-and-terrain aligned starts. As always, 
exercise fire weather safety no matter the time of year. 

&&

.AVIATION...
(18Z TAFS)
Issued at 1024 AM PST Sat Feb 28 2026

Our first upper trough continues to lift northward and a 
secondary upper air disturbance will encourage stronger onshore 
flow as well as an increase in moisture. VFR ceilings will become 
MVFR and even a window for IFR, especially at North Bay Terminals.
The onset time is tricky and current thinking is that MVFR/IFR 
will be more probable closer to 12Z Sunday. However, if the 
secondary upper low moves more quickly to the east, sub-VFR cigs 
as early as 06Z are more likely. IFR/LIFR is most likely at KSTS
and KHAF through the end of the valid TAF cycle, though if the
marine layer deepens, cigs may lift quickly, with a non-zero
chance that VFR returns prior to 18Z Sunday. Confidence in the cig
forecast is greatest in the North Bay, with lesser confidence
farther south, where terrain may hinder the advancement of stratus
at some locales (e.g., LVK and SJC). Largely terrain driven flow
this afternoon and tonight will become more westerly with the
approach of the upper low. 

Vicinity of SFO...Currently VFR with NE'ly winds. The delayed 
sea-breeze push is expected closer to 21Z. While confidence has 
diminished in IFR, forecast soundings/cross-sections do indicate 
that the initial push of moisture may be low enough such that cigs
are below FL010, at least for a few hours around 12Z Sunday. The 
Sunday AM push is likely to be impacted due to IFR/MVFR. As 
onshore flow continues, cigs will lift, becoming VFR during the 
afternoon. If moisture is deeper than anticipated, MVFR may 
persist longer than advertised. At this time, the potential for 
SHRA INVOF appears that it'll be after 00Z Monday, but if the 
upper trough accelerates faster, adjustments to include precip in 
the 24-30 hour window of the TAF will be needed. 

SFO Bridge Approach...Cigs are likely to arrive up to 2 hours 
after the initial arrival at the terminal.

Monterey Bay Terminals...VFR conditions with a persistent push of
onshore flow is expected through tonight. Moderate confidence 
that our stratus deck will push through around 10-11Z Sunday 
resulting in IFR conditions. Once it comes through, it is expected
to remain IFR through 18Z Sunday at KMRY and potentially closer 
to 16Z at KSNS. The onshore winds are forecast to be light, 
largely within the 6 to 8 knot range, with gusts up to 10 knots.


&&

.MARINE...
(Today through Thursday)
Issued at 856 AM PST Sat Feb 28 2026

Average to long northwesterly swell will continue through the
weekend before wave heights and swell periods both decrease.
Rougher seas should be anticipated in and around shower or
thunderstorm activity. The risk for this activity will continue
through Sunday. Seas continue to abate until about mid-week.
Thereafter, conditions will deteriorate as a series of stout
strong systems usher in Gale Force wind gusts and steep seas over
12 feet.

&&

.CLIMATE...
Issued at 1116 PM PST Fri Feb 27 2026

The following are the record high temperatures at the long term 
sites for Saturday, Feb 28th.

Location         Feb 28th Record High 

Santa Rosa       93 in 1923
San Rafael       78 in 2025
Kentfield        78 in 1929, 1923
Napa             81 in 1929
Richmond         77 in 1986
Livermore        82 in 2022
San Francisco    76 in 1992, 1986
SFO Airport      73 in 1959
Redwood City     77 in 2025
Half Moon Bay    74 in 1954
Oakland Museum   75 in 2025
San Jose         77 in 2025, 1926
Salinas Airport  81 in 2022

&&

.MTR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
CA...None.
PZ...None.
&&

$$

SHORT TERM...Sarment
LONG TERM....Sarment
AVIATION...Bain/AN
MARINE...Bain

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Prepared by Boulder-Creek.com Weather at: Sat Feb 28 12:30:03 PST 2026
From the National Weather Service