Technical NOAA Weather Discussion

FXUS66 KMTR 220417
AFDMTR

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service San Francisco CA
917 PM PDT Tue Oct 21 2025

...New AVIATION, MARINE...

.KEY MESSAGES...
Updated at 252 PM PDT Tue Oct 21 2025

 - Slight chance for isolated showers and thunderstorms from Bay
   Area southward tonight into Wednesday morning.

 - Seasonal temperatures through much of the week.

 - Rain chances return Friday evening through the weekend across
   the Bay Area. Widespread cooler temps beginning this weekend.

&&

.UPDATE...
Issued at 902 PM PDT Tue Oct 21 2025

No changes to the forecast this evening as we watch fast moving
elevated showers move northwest across the Central Coast. The
elevated showers with a slight chance of convection will persist
through much of the overnight into Wednesday morning. There has
been lightning detected farther south over the past couple of
hours in Ventura and Los Angeles County. Similar moisture is in
place there as the upper level low moves slowly toward land.
There is better instability to the south than we'll see in our 
area, but lapse rates around 8C/km with decent divergence aloft 
and vorticity advection in the midlevels may come together to 
create enough instability to get isolated thunderstorms over 
Monterey County and San Benito County over the next couple of 
hours. The primary concerns with any dry thunderstorms would be 
lightning with gusty and erratic wind gusts up to 40mph.

&&

.SHORT TERM...
Issued at 252 PM PDT Tue Oct 21 2025
(This evening through Wednesday)

Light, offshore flow continues across the higher elevations through 
late tonight. The KSFO-KWMC gradient peaked at -9.60 mb (moderately 
offshore) this morning and is down to -6.80mb as of 1PM. The KSFO-
KWMC gradient is expected to continue weakening into this evening 
before becoming positive (onshore) late tonight/early Wednesday 
morning. This shift coincides with a pattern shift and the arrival 
of a cut-off low pushing into the Central Coast. Guidance continues 
to look promising enough to include a slight (15%) chance of 
thunderstorms to the forecast for the Central Coast, Santa Cruz 
Mountains, and portions of the South and East Bay. High resolution 
guidance shows around 300 J/kg of most unstable CAPE, decent mid-
level lapse rates between 7C/km and 8C/km, and an influx of mid-
level moisture tonight into tomorrow morning. The most likely area 
for storms to develop would be Monterey and San Benito Counties with 
recent guidance showing some potential for showers to move in along 
the Santa Cruz/Monterey coastline overnight. We may see a few 
hundredths of an inch of precipitation along the coast and interior 
Central Coast as these showers move in. If a thunderstorm is able to 
develop, locally higher rain totals and gusty winds are expected. 
Remember - when thunder roars, go indoors. Thunderstorm chances drop 
off by the late morning with drier air moving in and MUCAPE values 
decreasing during the afternoon hours. Skies will remain partly 
cloudy through the rest of the day before overcast low clouds and 
potential fog return Wednesday night. 

High temperatures trend downwards tomorrow into the mid to upper 60s 
across the interior, 50s to mid 60s along the coast, and upper 50s 
along the elevated terrain. Nighttime temperatures will cool as well 
with morning lows forecast to be in the low 50s to upper 40s on 
Wednesday. The marine layer is currently at a depth of around 500 ft 
but is expected to deepen to 1000-2000 ft as the cut-off low moves 
into California. Fog and low clouds are possible along the coastline 
tomorrow morning but a deepening marine layer should improve (raise) 
visibilities and ceiling heights compared to this mornings dense 
fog. Another complicating factor is that any early morning showers 
that do develop may locally disrupt the marine layer and prevent fog 
formation or disperse fog faster than it otherwise would have. Early 
morning commuters in the Central Coast, Santa Cruz, and South Bay 
regions should be prepared for isolated showers and sudden drops in 
visibility/fog. 

&&

.LONG TERM...
Issued at 252 PM PDT Tue Oct 21 2025
(Wednesday night through next Monday)

Shortwave ridging will allow temperatures to rise into the upper 60s 
to low 70s across the interior Thursday and Friday with coastal 
highs in the mid to upper 60s. The warmest locations in the Bay Area 
and Central Coast will see high temperatures in the mid to upper 70s 
with a few interior Central Coast locations reaching the low 80s. 
Our next system will arrive late Friday into the weekend as a deep 
upper level trough pushes into the West Coast bringing cooler, 
wetter conditions with it. Temperatures drop into the mid to upper 
60s again across the interior with coastal areas in the upper 50s to 
low 60s Saturday through Monday. Overnight lows will drop as well, 
with low temperatures in the 40s to low 50s across the board. All 
together this weekend will see a return of slightly below normal 
temperatures and bring a return of chilly fall weather.

The track of this system is well to the north of the Bay Area with 
far northern California and Oregon receiving the heaviest amounts of 
rain. The QPF forecast has not changed too much for the Bay Area 
with the afternoon forecast update. The North Bay is slated to 
receive between 0.5"-0.75" across the coastal ranges and northern 
portions of Sonoma and Napa Counties with up to 0.5" from Santa Rosa 
southwards in the North Bay. San Francisco, the San Mateo Peninsula, 
Santa Cruz Mountains, and the East Bay will see between 0.1"-0.25" 
while the South Bay only sees up to 0.1". Rain totals across the 
Central Coast are minimal with only coastal areas seeing a trace of 
rain. This system will arrive Friday afternoon with the heaviest 
rain overnight Friday into Saturday in the North Bay. Saturday will 
be rainy across the Bay Area with persistent light rain for much of 
the day. Rain will taper off throughout the day on Sunday before 
drier weather returns Monday. Minor nuisance flooding (ponding on 
roads and underpasses) is possible with any heavier rain but no 
major flooding or river flooding is expected with this system. 
Locally breezier conditions are expected along the coast, mountain 
gaps and passes, and across the Altamont Pass this weekend but winds 
will stay below Wind Advisory criteria.

&&

.AVIATION...
(06Z TAFS)
Issued at 915 PM PDT Tue Oct 21 2025

Currently a mixed bag of IFR-VFR at the terminals with isolated rain 
showers streaming in from the south with lightning activity 
remaining confined to Southern California for now. If a thunderstorm 
were to develop, the best chances would be in the vicinity of the 
Monterey Bay terminals, but the best chances seem to be to the south 
and west of the terminals. Nonetheless, isolated rain showers will 
remain possible through the morning with activity waning by the 
afternoon. For VCSH, highest confidence is in MRY and SNS, but rain 
showers will be within the general area.

Vicinity of SFO...Currently VFR with northwesterly flow. Moderate 
confidence in an MVFR ceiling developing tonight. Winds will back to 
become southwesterly tonight. VFR and westerly winds will prevail by 
tomorrow afternoon.

SFO Bridge Approach...Similar to SFO.

Monterey Bay Terminals...Currently MVFR with southwesterly flow at 
MRY and MVFR with northwesterly flow at SNS. High confidence in 
ceilings deteriorating to IFR tonight.

&&

.MARINE...
(Tonight through next Monday)
Issued at 915 PM PDT Tue Oct 21 2025

There's a slight chance for rain showers and thunderstorms
through tomorrow morning. A gentle to moderate breeze will prevail
through tomorrow, building to become moderate to fresh Thursday
through Saturday. Rough seas in the inner waters and very rough
seas in the outer waters will prevail through Saturday.

&&

.BEACHES...
Issued at 252 PM PDT Tue Oct 21 2025

A long period northwesterly swell will continue to bring an 
increased risk for sneaker waves and rip currents through Wednesday. 
Additionally, breaking waves of 12-17 feet and locally as high as 25 
feet will be possible. Sneaker waves can unexpectedly run 
significantly farther up the beach than normal, including over rocks 
and jetties. Rip currents are typically more frequent and stronger 
in the vicinity of jetties, inlets, and piers. Swimmers should 
always swim near a lifeguard. Remain out of the water to avoid 
hazardous swimming conditions and never turn your back on the ocean!

Sarment

&&

.MTR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
CA...Beach Hazards Statement through late Wednesday night for CAZ006-
     505-509-529-530.

PZ...Small Craft Advisory until 9 PM PDT Wednesday for Pigeon Pt to 
     Pt Pinos 10-60 NM-Pt Arena to Pt Reyes 10-60 NM.

&&

$$

SHORT TERM...Kennedy
LONG TERM....Kennedy
AVIATION...Sarment
MARINE...Sarment

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Prepared by Boulder-Creek.com Weather at: Tue Oct 21 22:30:02 PDT 2025
From the National Weather Service